Semi-deponent verbs & Synopses

SEMI-DEPONENT VERBS

Semi-deponent verbs, like deponent verbs, are missing some of their forms. The most common semi-deponent verbs are those which have only active forms in the present system (present, imperfect, and future) and only passive forms in the perfect system (perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect).

You should also know that some irregular verbs such as sum, possum, volo, malo, nolo, and eo are virtually always active--the opposite of regular deponent verbs which only have passive forms. A few other verbs such as memini, odi, and coepi only have perfect system forms, no present, imperfect, or future.

CASE USES

Ablative object of a verb (no preposition in Latin)

Librō ūtēbāris. You were using a book.
Cēnā fructī erant. They had enjoyed dinner.

Ablative of comparison (with comparative adjective or adverb)
Marcus Luciō altior est. Marcus is taller than Lucius.
Cicerō Balbō celerius cucurrit. Cicero ran faster than Balbus.

Ablative of measure/degree of difference
Multō longius Romam quam Athēnās erat. It was much further to Rome than to Athens.
Caesar paulō melior quam Pompeius est. Caesar is a little bit better than Pompey.

Ablative of (specific) price
Quinque denariīs pictūram ēmī. I bought the painting for 5 denarii.
MM sestertiīs casam vendidī. I sold the little house for 2000 sesterces.

Genitive of (indefinite) value
With these verbs meaning hold, consider, estimate, …
habeo, putō, faciō, dūcō, …
Eam magnī, eum parvī habeo. I consider her worth a lot, him worth a little.
Tē maximī aestimās. You value yourself very highly. (…worth very much)

Ablative of origin (related to ablative of separation)
Vir genere vetere est. He is a man of an old family.
Aeneas deā natus est. Aeneas was born of a goddess.



SYNOPSES

Synopses are lists of all the finite (indicative & subjunctive) forms of a verb in a certain person and number, such as all the 1st person singular forms. When I ask you to do synopses, I will often ask for other forms such as infinitives and participles although these forms have no person (i.e. are not 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person).

xxx indicates a form that does not exist for this particular verb.
xxxxxxxx indicates a form that you have not learned yet.

T/V/M	fīō 3rd pl.	possum 1st pl.
Pres Act Ind	fīunt	possumus
Pres Pas Ind	xxx	xxx
Impf Act Ind	fīēbant	poterāmus
Impf Pas Ind	xxx	xxx
Fut Act Ind	fīent	poterimus
Fut Pas Ind	xxx	xxx
Perf Act Ind	xxx	potuimus
Perf Pas Ind	factī sunt	xxx
Plpf Act Ind	xxx	potuerāmus
Plpf Pas Ind	factī erant	xxx
Fpf Act Ind	xxx	potuerimus
Fpf Pas Ind	factī erunt	xxx
Pres Act Sub	fīant	possīmus
Pres Pas Sub	xxx	xxx
Impf Act Sub	fierent	possēmus
Impf Pas Sub	xxx	xxx
Perf Act Sub	xxx	potuerimus
Perf Pas Sub	factī sint	xxx
Plpf Act Sub	xxx	potuissēmus
Plpf Pas Sub	factī essent	xxx
Pres Act Inf	xxx	posse
Pres Pas Inf	fierī	xxx
Perf Act Inf	xxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxx
Perf Pas Inf	xxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxx
Fut Act Inf	xxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxx
Pas Peri Inf	xxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxx
Prs Act Part	xxx	potens
Pf Pas Part	factus	xxx
Fut Act Part	xxx	xxx
Fut Pas Part	xxxxxxxx	xxxxxxxx