INDIRECT QUESTIONS, ch. 39

Below I use these verbs for examples:
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus
mūniō, mūnīre, mūnīvī, mūnītus

I have already introduced the perfect subjunctive forms but here they are again because now you are expected to learn them.

Perfect Active Subjunctive
Formation:
1) 3rd principal part minus the long ī
2) add eri
3) add active endings: m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
*Note: Except for the 1st singular (-erim, instead of -erō) this will look like the future perfect indicative.

All conjugations form this tense the same way. Here are two examples:
amāverim, amāveris, amāverit, amāverimus, amāveritis, amāverint
mīserim, mīseris, mīserit, mīserimus, mīseritis, mīserint

Perfect Passive Subjunctive
Formation:
1) First word is Perfect Passive Participle*.
2) Second word is sim, sīs, sit, sīmus, sītis, or sint (present subjunctive of sum).
*Remember, as always, to change the participle’s gender and number to agree with the subject.

All conjugations form this tense the same way. Here are two examples:
amātus –a –um sim
amātus –a –um sīs
amātus –a –um sit
amātī –ae –a sīmus
amātī –ae –a sītis
amātī –ae –a sint

mūnītus –a –um sim
mūnītus –a –um sīs
mūnītus –a –um sit
mūnītī –ae –a sīmus
mūnītī –ae –a sītis
mūnītī –ae –a sint


INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Indirect questions are questions that have been subordinated or made dependent on a main clause verb such as say, ask, think, etc. In English indirect questions, word order and the person of the verb are often changed. In Latin the verb of the indirect questions becomes subjunctive following sequence of tenses.

Note: If the original Latin question’s verb was future tense, then you should use the future active participle (FAP) with the present (if primary) or the imperfect (if secondary) subjunctive of sum.

Any question word may introduce an indirect question. The usual word used to start a typical yes/no indirect question is num, which does not expect a negative answer as it does when introducing a direct question. Utrum introduces the first part of a series of indirect questions, and an or necne (if negative) introduces the second or later parts of the series.

Direct Questions

Venitne? Is she coming?
Ībisne Romam? Will you go to Rome?
Capiēbāminīne? Were you (pl.) captured?
Utrum vincēmus an non? Will we win or not?

Sequence of Tenses in Indirect Questions
(1st chart by type of subjunctive, 2nd by active translation, 3rd by passive translation)

Sequence	Earlier	Same	Later
Primary	perf.	pres.	FAP + sim
Secondary	plup.	impf.	FAP + essem
Sequence	Earlier	Same	Later
Primary	has verbed/verbed	verbs, is verbing	will verb, is going to verb
Secondary	had verbed	verbed, was verbing	would verb, was going to verb
Sequence	Earlier	Same	Later
Primary	has been verbed, was verbed	is (being) verbed	will be verbed, is going to be verbed
Secondary	had been verbed	was (being) verbed	would be verbed, was going to be verbed

Indirect Questions after primary main verb

Rogō num veniat (pres. subj. shows same relative time). I am asking whether she is coming.
Rogō num Rōmam ītūrus sīs (fut. act. part. with sīs shows later time). I am asking whether you will (or “are going to”) go to Rome.
Rogō num captī sītis (perf. subj. shows earlier relative time). I am asking whether you were captured.
Rogant utrum victūrī sint* necne. They are asking whether they will win or not.
*Notice change in the person of the verb because of the main verb's subject being the same.


Indirect Questions after secondary main verb

Rogāvit num venīret (impf. subj. shows same relative time). He asked whether she was coming.
Rogāvit num Rōmam ītūrus essēs (fut. act. part. with essēs shows later time). He asked whether you would (or “were going to”) go to Rome.
Rogāvit num captī essētis (plup. subj. shows earlier relative time). He asked whether you had been captured.
Rogāverant utrum victūrī essent* necne. They had asked whether they would win or not.
*Notice change in the person of the verb because of the main verb's subject being the same.