Indirect Statements

Below I use these verbs for examples:
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus
cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītus
mūniō, mūnīre, mūnīvī, mūnītus

New Infinitives

Perfect Active

Formation:
1) 3rd principal part: amāvī, monuī
2) take off final ī: amāv, monu
3) add isse: amāvisse, monuisse
Note: Technically this is the infinitive used to form the pluperfect subjunctive that you already know. Amāvisse (perf. act. inf.) + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt = pluperfect active subjunctive

Translation:
to have verbed
Translation in Indirect Statement:
verbed OR have verbed (primary sequence)
had verbed (secondary)

Perfect Passive

Formation:
1) get perfect passive participle (=4th principal part): mūnītum, cupītum
2) add separate word esse: mūnītum esse, cupītum esse
3) make PPP agree with the subject of the infinitive: viam mūnītam esse, nummōs cupītōs esse

Translation:
to have been verbed
Translation in Indirect Statement:
was verbed OR have been verbed (primary sequence)
had been verbed (secondary)

Future Active

Formation:
1) get perfect passive participle (=4th principal part): mūnītum, cupītum
2) take off final –um (or –us): mūnīt, cupīt
3) add ūrus to make future active participle: mūnītūrus, cupītūrus
4) add separate word esse: mūnītūrus esse, cupītūrus esse
5) make FAP agree with the subject of the infinitive: Caesarem mūnītūrum esse, eam cupītūram esse

Translation:
to be going to verb OR to be about to verb
Translation in Indirect Statement:
will verb OR is going to verb (primary sequence)
would verb OR was going to verb (secondary)

Some verbs like sum have no passives, only active forms:
esse (present active)
fuisse (perfect active)
futūrus esse AND fore (future active)

Deponent and Semi-deponent verbs will be missing some forms:
conārī (present passive, active meaning)
conātus esse (perfect passive, active meaning)
conātūrus esse (future active, active meaning, this is one of the exception to deponents’ passive forms)
audēre (present active)
ausus esse (perfect passive, active meaning)
ausūrus esse (future active)


INDIRECT STATEMENTS

We have already learned two of the three types of indirect discourse: indirect questions and indirect commands (start with ut or nē). Both of these use subjunctive verbs in Latin. The third and final type of indirect discourse is Indirect Statement which in Latin uses an accusative subject and infinitive verb. Like all infinitives and participles, the infinitives in indirect statement will show relative time. If the accusative subject of the infinitive is the same as the main verb you will have to use a reflexive pronoun: mē, nōs, tē, vōs, or sē.

TENSE OF INFINITIVE (TIME RELATIVE TO MAIN VERB)
Present (Same)
Perfect (Earlier)
Future (Later)

A Direct Statement is like a quotation, exactly what someone said or thought. An Indirect Statement will be represented in English not by a quotation but by a subordinate clause, often beginning with the word that.

Direct Statements

"I love her."
"I loved her."
"I will love her."
"I was loved by him."


Indirect Statements

Notice how the subject and verb change in relation to the main clause of the sentence.

Present Infinitive shows same time as main verb.

Putat sē eam amāre.
He thinks that he loves her.
Dixit sē eam amāre.
He said that he loved (same time as “said”) her.

Perfect infinitive shows earlier time than main verb.

Putat sē eam amāvisse.
He thinks that he loved her.
Dixit sē eam amāvisse.
He said that he had loved her.
Putat sē ab eō amātam esse.
She thinks that she was loved by him.
Dixit sē ab eō amātam esse
She said that she had been loved by him.

Future Infinitive shows later time than main verb.

Putat sē eam amātūrum esse.
He thinks that he will love her.
Dixit sē eam amātūrum esse.
He said that he would love her.