I show below how to make the passive forms for each of the following verbs.
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus to love, like
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus to warn, advise
dūcō, dūcere, duxī, ductus to lead, draw/pull; consider
capiō, capere, cēpī, captus to take, seize, capture
audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus to hear, listen
Present Passive
Endings: r, ris(re), tur, mur, minī, ntur
Stem: normally 2nd principal part minus re (but watch out for irregularities in 3rd-4th)
NOTES: First singular is first principal part plus r; final r shortens the long ō.
A short i turns into e before an r. There is an extra i before untur in 3rd io and 4th.
Translation: am/are/is verbed, is being verbed
amor (amō + r)
amāris
amātur
amāmur
amāminī
amantur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
moneor (moneō + r)
monēris
monētur
monēmur
monēminī
monentur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
dūcor (dūcō + r)
dūceris (short i turns to short e before r, contrast long e in future)
dūcitur
dūcimur
dūciminī
dūcuntur
capior (capiō + r)
caperis (short i turns to short e before r)
capitur
capimur
capiminī
capiuntur (Note: iuntur, not intur or untur)
audior (audiō + r)
audīris
audītur
audīmur
audīminī
audiuntur (Note: iuntur, not just intur)
Imperfect Passive
Endings: r, ris(re), tur, mur, minī, ntur
Stem: present stem (with –ie- instead for 3rd io and 4th) plus bā
Translation: was/were verbed, was being verbed
amābar (stem vowel shortened by final r)
amābāris
amābātur
amābāmur
amābāminī
amābantur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
monēbar (stem vowel shortened by final r)
monēbāris
monēbātur
monēbāmur
monēbāminī
monēbantur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
dūcēbar (stem vowel shortened by final r)
dūcēbāris
dūcēbātur
dūcēbāmur
dūcēbāminī
dūcēbantur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
capiēbar (stem vowel shortened by final r)
capiēbāris
capiēbātur
capiēbāmur
capiēbāminī
capiēbantur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
audiēbar (stem vowel shortened by final r)
audiēbāris
audiēbātur
audiēbāmur
audiēbāminī
audiēbantur (stem vowel shortened by nt)
Future Passive
Endings: r, ris(re), tur, mur, minī, ntur
Stem:
1) for 1st and 2nd conjugation, present stem + bō, bi, bu
2) For 3rd, 3rd io, and 4th use these vowels, a (1st sing.) and ē (all other persons and numbers); 3rd io and 4th have an i before the final vowel.
NOTES: A short i turns into e before an r.
Translation: will/shall be verbed, will be being verbed
amābor (bō shortened by final r)
amāberis (short i turns to short e before r)
amābitur
amābimur
amābiminī
amābuntur
monēbor (bō shortened by final r)
monēberis (short i turns to short e before r)
monēbitur
monēbimur
monēbiminī
monēbuntur
dūcar
dūcēris (long e in future, short in present)
dūcētur
dūcēmur
dūcēminī
dūcentur (ē shortened by nt)
capiar
capiēris
capiētur
capiēmur
capiēminī
capientur (ē shortened by nt)
audiar
audiēris
audiētur
audiēmur
audiēminī
audientur (ē shortened by nt)
Monday, February 8, 2010
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